SHOULD “GEHENNA” BE TRANSLATED “HELL”?

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From “Answers To Your Bible Version Questions” by David W. Daniels

Question: Gehenna is not hell, is it? It was a valley where outcasts, thieves and infected people where thrown when they died. The Bible refers to “Gehenna” as the place of death and pain. The word “hell”, as you so often use, where eternal pain and fire awaits is actually “Gehenna”. If you have read a bible written before 1400, you will notice a very important thing: “HELL” is missing. Instead it says “Gehenna”. There is no fire breathing eternal pain demon hell!! In fact YOU are committing a sin here. Telling people, or lying to people about hell, when you should know about “Gehenna”. There is no hell. Only the valley of “Gehenna”. A graveyard!!

Answer: The word “Gehenna” is properly translated “hell” in the King James Bible. And actually, except for three known Bibles¹, every Bible says “hell,” not the untranslated word “Gehenna”.

What does “Gehenna” mean?

“Gehenna” originally referred to the Valley of Hinnom by Jerusalem. It was the place of horrible idolatry. So when the Hebrews finally came back to Jerusalem after 70 years of Babylonian Captivity (about 605-535/6 BC), they resolved never to use the Valley of Hinnom for idolatry again. Instead, they burned their trash there, and it became a burning valley of waste.

But we know that Jesus and the apostles didn’t mean to refer to a garbage dump. Here’s why. There are certain statements in the Bible that tell us clearly about “Gehenna”, translated “hell” in the King James Bible. Notice these verses.

Both body and soul are destroyed there

“And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell” (Matthew 10:28). No power on earth can destroy a soul. The soul is a part of a person that exists beyond physical death (Revelation 20:4). “Gehenna” has to be a place to destroy both the body and the soul.

A person goes there after death

“And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him” (Luke 12:4-5). It is no threat to throw a dead body into a grave, a junkyard or a furnace. But God has power to cast a person, whose body is dead, into “Gehenna.” There is only one reason to fear the person that can throw you into Gehenna: you must be aware that you are cast there. So Gehenna is hell, the place where the unrighteous dead are cast.

Its fire shall never be quenched

“And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched:” (Mark 9:43, 45). “Gehenna” is said to be a “fire that shall never be quenched”. The earth and the works therein shall all be burned up (2 Peter 3:10), but they will be replaced with a new earth wherein righteousness dwells (2 Peter 3:13; Revelation 21:1). So “Gehenna” could not mean an earthly place, since all fires shall be quenched on earth. But hell’s fire shall never be quenched. It is clear: Gehenna is hell, not a trash dump.

Even though the word “Gehenna” comes from the Valley of Hinnom, simply rendering it as “garbage dump” or “valley of waste disposal” or “burning garbage” could not be an accurate translations, because that’s not what Jesus and the apostles meant when they used the word. It meant “the place where people go when they die.” That’s what we mean when we say “hell”.

You wrote:

“If you have read a bible written before 1400. You will notice a very important thing, HELL is missing. Instead it says Gehenna.”

You mentioned Bibles before 1400. The only known Bible in English from before then is the Wycliffe Bible of 1380. Does it use “hell” or “Gehenna”? Let’s find out!

The term “Gehenna” is found in Greek in these verses of the Bible:

Matthew 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33; Mark 9:43,45,47; Lu 12:5; Jas 3:6

Here they are in the Wycliffe version:

Matthew 5:22 But Y seie to you, that ech man that is wrooth to his brothir, schal be gilti to doom; and he that seith to his brother, Fy! schal be gilti to the counseil; but he that seith, Fool, schal be gilti to the fier of helle.

Matthew 5:29-30 That if thi riyt iye sclaundre thee, pulle hym out, and caste fro thee; for it spedith to thee, that oon of thi membris perische, than that al thi bodi go in to helle. And if thi riyt hond sclaundre thee, kitte hym aweye, and caste fro thee; for it spedith to thee that oon of thi membris perische, than that al thi bodi go in to helle.

Matthew 10:28 And nyle ye drede hem that sleen the bodi; for thei moun not sle the soule; but rather drede ye hym, that mai lese bothe soule and bodi in to helle.

Matthew 18:9 And if thin iye sclaundre thee, pulle it out, and caste awei fro thee. It is betere to thee with oon iye to entre in to lijf, thanne hauynge tweyn iyen to be sent in to the fier of helle.

Matthew 23:15 Wo to you, scribis and Farisees, ypocritis, that goon aboute the see and the loond, to make o prosilite; and whanne he is maad, ye maken hym a sone of helle, double more than ye ben.

Matthew 23:33 Ye eddris, and eddris briddis, hou schulen ye fle fro the doom of helle?

Mark 9:43 (9:42) And if thin hoond sclaundre thee, kitte it awey; it is betere to thee to entre feble in to lijf, than haue two hondis, and go in to helle, in to fier that neuer schal be quenchid,

Mark 9:45 (9:44) And if thi foote sclaundre thee, kitte it of; it is betere to thee to entre crokid in to euerlastynge lijf, than haue twei feet, and be sent in helle of fier, that neuer schal be quenchid,

Mark 9:47 (9:46) That if thin iye sclaundre thee, cast it out; it is betere to thee to entre gogil iyed in to the reume of God, than haue twey iyen, and be sent in to helle of fier, where the worme of hem dieth not,

Luke 12:5 But Y schal schewe to you, whom ye schulen drede; drede ye hym, that aftir he hath slayn, he hath power to sende in to helle. And so Y seie to you, drede ye hym.

James 3:6 And oure tunge is fier, the vniuersite of wickidnesse. The tunge is ordeyned in oure membris, which defoulith al the bodi; and it is enflawmed of helle, and enflawmeth the wheel of oure birthe.

So you see that “Gehenna” is not the term used in English at all! Not until Young’s Literal Translation in the late 1800s, followed by the Catholic New American Bible of 1970 was the untranslated “Gehenna” put in. Look at foreign translations. The Spanish Reina-Valera of 1602-1989 rightly says “el infierno” and the Portuguese Corrigida Fiel says “do inferno”, both of which mean “Hell” as we in English use the term. “Hell” is an understandable word. “Gehenna” is not.

And “hell” accurately translates the meaning of the word “Gehenna.” “Gehenna” is not a translation; it is just a transliteration (translating letters, but not meaning). We find that first in the perverted Roman Catholic Latin Vulgate (400s AD), which was forced on the people of Europe as the only legal Bible for over a thousand years. Not until the Reformation of the 1500s were God’s actual words translated into the language of the people. And every one of them was careful to translate “Gehenna” into an English word with the same meaning. All but two of the English Bibles, from at least 1380 onward (that’s all I’ve checked on this so far), translate “Gehenna” into the understandable word “hell.”² That’s what a good Bible should do.

WHO NEEDS HELL?

“Hell” is an uncomfortable word. Everybody knows what it means. But new Bible versions, wherever possible, try to remove the word “hell” from the Scriptures and replace it with “sheol” or “gehenna” or “hades” or “Tartarus.” In doing so, they rob the Scriptures of the force of the word “hell.”

“Hades” has a big pagan meaning that is completely divorced from the Bible. “Sheol” is a Hebrew word without any meaning at all to an ordinary reader. Have you ever heard people say they don’t want to “go to gehenna?”

No. But people do say, “I don’t want to go to hell.” Many people’s salvation is based on that …they didn’t want to go to hell. They may not understand the love of God, but they understand clearly that they do not want to go to hell. The revival that happened under the ministry of Jonathan Edwards began with a sermon called “Sinners in the hands of an angry God.” His listeners felt themselves slipping out of their seats and their feet getting singed by the fires of hell when he preached, and revival broke out.

We need a Bible with a lot of hell in it. We need to know where we are not going. The whole purpose of evangelism is to save people from hell. We need a Bible that doesn’t try to sanitize it with a nicer sounding word that people don’t understand. That forceful warning word, “hell,” is found in the King James Bible.

I hope this has helped you understand the King James Bible a little more, and why it is the preserved words of God in English.

May God bless you as you read and understand His words.

Footnotes

Specifically, the Roman Catholic Latin Vulgate (400s AD), Young’s Literal Translation (1862 & 1898) and the Roman Catholic New American Bible (1970-1991)
This list includes the 1380 Wycliffe, the 1534 & 1535 Tyndale, the Cranmer (Great) Bible of 1539 & 1540, the Geneva Bibles of 1557, 1560 and 1599, the Bishop’s Bible of 1568 & 1602, even the Jesuit Rheims New Testament of 1582, and almost all Bibles from 1881 to the present. Except for Young’s Literal and the New American Bible, they all say “hell” (spelled “hel,” “helle” or “hell”), not “Gehenna”.

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The Book of Jude Narrated [podcast]

The Book of Jude:

Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to them that are sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ, and called: ²mercy unto you, and peace, and love, be multiplied.

³Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints. ⁴For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.

⁵I will therefore put you in remembrance, though ye once knew this, how that the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed them that believed not. ⁶And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day. ⁷Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. ⁸Likewise also these filthy dreamers defile the flesh, despise dominion, and speak evil of dignities. ⁹Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, The Lord rebuke thee.

¹⁰But these speak evil of those things which they know not: but what they know naturally, as brute beasts, in those things they corrupt themselves. ¹¹Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core. ¹²These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots; ¹³raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

¹⁴And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, ¹⁵to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him. ¹⁶These are murmurers, complainers, walking after their own lusts; and their mouth speaketh great swelling words, having men’s persons in admiration because of advantage.

¹⁷But, beloved, remember ye the words which were spoken before of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ; ¹⁸how that they told you there should be mockers in the last time, who should walk after their own ungodly lusts. ¹⁹These be they who separate themselves, sensual, having not the Spirit. ²⁰But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost, ²¹keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life. ²²And of some have compassion, making a difference: ²³and others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh.

²⁴Now unto him that is able to keep you from falling, and to present you faultless before the presence of his glory with exceeding joy, ²⁵to the only wise God our Saviour, be glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and ever. Amen.

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At the end of his days, at the end of the 5 books he penned, God gives us through Moses a summation of His salvation work among His beloved people.

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a    [He found him in a desert land …] The sevenfold preservation of Israel:
1.    God found (literally, sustained) him in the wilderness (Deu_32:10).
2.    He led him around (Deu_32:10-12).
3.    He instructed him (Deu_32:10).
4.    He kept him as the apple (pupil) of His eye.
5.    He preserved him from idolatry (Deu_32:12).
6.    He exalted him among the nations (Deu_32:13).
7.    He gave him material prosperity (Deu_32:13-14).
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Jesus in Every Book of the Bible

First and foremost, God’s Word was written to reveal Christ.

The Bible is said to be “The only Book where the divine Author is present every time you read it.”

He’s divinely encoded and present on every page of His Word.

“And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.” Luke 24:44

Every book of the Bible is about the LORD Jesus, who is the central theme, the sacred substance of all of Holy Scripture. If we miss Him, we miss everything, we miss the grand subject and revelation of God’s Word.

“Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. 40 And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life.” John 5:39-40

This makes it clear that we can “search the scriptures,” we can know them, and yet not know the Author.

They knew the Word of God but did not know the God of the Word. They made the choice not to “come to” Jesus thorugh His Word. They made it about themselves, not Jesus.

The Bible is one Book from one divine Author. The divisions are there to help us navigator His Word. – Old and New Testaments, chapters, verses, etc.

“Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law.” Psalms 119:18

The supreme and most important “wondrous” thing we are to behold in Holy Writ, is Jesus Christ.

Amen. Jesus Christ is King of all kings, LORD of all lords.

“Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen. 8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” Revelation 1:7-8

Jesus is present in every book of the Bible, from Genesis to Revelation. Here’s a breakdown of how He is revealed in each book:

Old Testament Canon:

Genesis: Jesus is the seed of the woman (Gen 3:15) and the promised redeemer descended from the line of Judah (Genesis 22:17-18).
Exodus: Jesus is the Passover Lamb (Exodus 12:1-13).
Leviticus: Jesus is the Great High Priest (Leviticus 8:1-36; Hebrews 4:14).
Numbers: Jesus is the Rock (Numbers 20:2-13).
Deuteronomy: Jesus is the Bread of Life (Deuteronomy 8:3).
Joshua: Jesus is the Captain of the Lord’s host (Joshua 5:13-15).
Judges: Jesus is the Judge of Israel (Judges 2:11-15).
Ruth: Jesus is the Kinsman-Redeemer (Ruth 3:9-13).
1 Samuel: Jesus is the King of Israel (1 Samuel 16:13).
2 Samuel: Jesus is the Son of David (2 Samuel 7:12-13).
1 Kings: Jesus is the King of Israel (1 Kings 1:30-40).
2 Kings: Jesus is the King of Israel (2 Kings 17:13-15).
1 Chronicles: Jesus is the King of Israel (1 Chronicles 17:11-15).
2 Chronicles: Jesus is the King of Israel (2 Chronicles 6:16).
Ezra: Jesus is the Rebuilder of the Temple (Ezra 5:2-5).
Nehemiah: Jesus is the Rebuilder of the Walls of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 6:15-16).
Esther: Jesus is Mordecai (Esther 2:5-7).
Job: Jesus is the Ever-Living Redeemer (Job 19:25-27).
Psalms: Jesus is the Shepherd (Psalm 23:1-4).
Proverbs: Jesus is Wisdom (Proverbs 8:22-31).
Ecclesiastes: Jesus is the Teacher (Ecclesiastes 12:13-14).
Song of Solomon: Jesus is the Bridegroom (Song of Solomon 1:2-4).
Isaiah: Jesus is the Messiah (Isaiah 53:1-12).
Jeremiah: Jesus is the Righteous Branch (Jeremiah 23:5-6).
Lamentations: Jesus is the Suffering Servant (Lamentations 3:22-24).
Ezekiel: Jesus is the Shepherd (Ezekiel 34:11-16).
Daniel: Jesus is the Son of Man (Daniel 7:13-14).
Hosea: Jesus is the Husband (Hosea 2:16-20).
Joel: Jesus is the Day of the Lord (Joel 2:28-32).
Amos: Jesus is the Shepherd (Amos 5:24-27).
Obadiah: Jesus is the Redeemer (Obadiah 1:21).
Jonah: Jesus is the Savior (Jonah 2:9-10).
Micah: Jesus is the Ruler (Micah 5:2-5).
Nahum: Jesus is the Judge (Nahum 1:2-8).
Habakkuk: Jesus is the Righteous One (Habakkuk 1:13).
Zephaniah: Jesus is the Righteous Branch (Zephaniah 3:14-17).
Haggai: Jesus is the Desire of All Nations (Haggai 2:7).
Zechariah: Jesus is the Branch (Zechariah 3:8).
Malachi: Jesus is the Messenger (Malachi 3:1).

New Testament Canon:

Matthew: Jesus is the Messiah (Matthew 1:1-25).
Mark: Jesus is the Son of God (Mark 1:1-11).
Luke: Jesus is the Savior (Luke 2:11).
John: Jesus is the eternal, the divine Word of God (John 1:1-14).
Acts: Jesus is the Resurrected Lord (Acts 1:1-11).
Romans: Jesus is the Righteousness of God (Romans 3:21-26).
1 Corinthians: Jesus is the Wisdom of God (1 Corinthians 1:18-25).
2 Corinthians: Jesus is the Great Comforter, Consoler, grace-giver, sufficiency of/to His people (2 Corinthians 1:1; 12).
Galatians: Jesus is the Redeemer, liberty giver (Galatians 3:13-14).
Ephesians: Jesus is the Head of the Church (Ephesians 1:20-23).
Philippians: Jesus is the God of Peace (Philippians 4:7-9).
Colossians: Jesus is the Creator and Sustainer of all life (Colossians 1:15-17).
1 Thessalonians: Jesus is the Coming King (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18).
2 Thessalonians: Jesus is the Coming Judge and King (2 Thessalonians 2:1-12).
1 Timothy: Jesus is the High Priest (1 Timothy 2:5-6).
2 Timothy: Jesus is the Faithful One, Rewarder (2 Timothy 2:13).
Titus: Jesus is the Savior, the Blessed Hope (Titus 1:3-4).
Philemon: Jesus is the Ransom (Philemon 1:8-9).
Hebrews: Jesus is the Great High Priest (Hebrews 4:14; 5:1-10).
James: Jesus is the Righteous One, Giver of wisdom (James 1:1-18).
1 Peter: Jesus is the Shepherd, Rock (1 Peter 2:25).
2 Peter: Jesus is the Lord, Day Star (2 Peter 1:1-21).
1 John: Jesus is the Son of God, Light, Advocate, Truth (1 John 1:1-14).
2 John: Jesus is the Savior, Truth (2 John 1:1-13).
3 John: Jesus is the Savior, Way (3 John 1:1-15).
Jude: Jesus is the Savior (Jude 1:1-25).
Revelation: Jesus is the Lamb of God, King of kings (Revelation 1:1-20).

Jesus is present in every book of the Bible, from Genesis to Revelation, as the seed of the woman, the Passover Lamb, the High Priest, the Rock, the Judge, the King, the Redeemer, the Shepherd, the Husband, the Savior, and more.

Jesus Christ is King. – “Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen. 8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” Revelation 1:7-8

How We Know the Bible is the only Holy Book on Planet Earth [podcast]

Only God knows the future. Law of probability and the fulfillment of Bible prophecies: Odds of the 332 prophecies of the prophets concerning the coming Messiah, given hundreds of years prior to His arrival coming true are: 8,749,002,899,132,046,697,490,008,908,470,485,461,412,622,723,572,849,745,… 703,082,425,425,639,811,996,797,503,692,894,052,708,092,215,296 to 1 Fact: Only the Almighty could know the future and forthtell it in specific detail, long before it ever happened. THIS is how we know that the Bible is truly the Word of the one true God and that all other so-called “holy books” are frauds. “Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.” Mark […]

Jesus Christ is God

The Divinity of Jesus Christ WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS CONCERNING JESUS CHRIST AS GOD ALMIGHTY: (Note: this is not an exhaustive look at the divinity of Jesus Christ. Also, note that some of the particular words that announce His divinity are underlined). “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel (means God with us).” Isaiah 7:14 “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given (He already existed as God-with no beginning or end): and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and […]

THE ESSENTIAL IMPORTANCE OF CHRISTOLOGY [podcast]

WHO do WE say that Jesus is? “Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever” (Hebrews 13:8), and He is asking us the exact questions today that He asked His disciples while on earth. “Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?” Matthew 16:13 “But whom say ye that I am?” Matthew 16:15 Jesus is asking each of us “What are others saying of Me and Who do you say that I am?” In other words, perhaps He’s asking us “In a world of many swirling ideas about Me, who do you say that […]

The Riches of God's Grace in Christ [podcast]

“In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;” Ephesians 1:7 It’s been said that “God bankrupted Heaven to buy us back to Himself!” “Thanks be unto God for his unspeakable gift.” 2 Corinthians 9:15 Jesus judged sin on the cross so we don’t have to be judged for our sin and so we can experience “the exceeding riches of his grace” both now and forever (John 12:31-32; Ephesians 1:7; 2:7). “For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; 24 Being justified freely by his grace through […]